ANNUAL REPORT 2021 169 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ʹˢ˥ ˧˛˘ Ѓˡ˔ˡ˖˜˔˟ ˬ˘˔˥ ˘ˡ˗˘˗ ʦʤ ʷ˘˖˘ˠ˕˘˥ ʥʣʥʤ (CONT’D) 4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D) 4.5 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONT’D) (b) Financial Liabilities (cont’d) (ii) Other Financial Liabilities Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts), through the expected life of the financial liability or a shorter period (where appropriate). (c) Equity Instruments Equity instruments classified as equity are measured initially at cost and are not remeasured subsequently. (i) Ordinary Shares Ordinary shares are classified as equity and recorded at the proceeds received, net of directly attributable transaction costs. Dividends on ordinary shares are recognised as liabilities when approved for appropriation. (ii) Treasury Shares When the Company’s own shares recognised as equity are bought back, the amount of the consideration paid, including all costs directly attributable, are recognised as a deduction from equity. Own shares purchased that are not subsequently cancelled are classified as treasury shares and are presented as a deduction from total equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of treasury shares. Where treasury shares are reissued by resale, the difference between the sales consideration and the carrying amount of the treasury shares is recognised in equity. Where treasury shares are cancelled, their costs are transferred to retained profits. (d) Derecognition A financial asset or part of it is derecognised when, and only when, the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss. In addition, on derecognition of a debt instrument classified as fair value through other comprehensive income, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in the fair value reserve is reclassified from equity to profit or loss. In contrast, there is no subsequent reclassification of the fair value reserve to profit or loss following the derecognition of an equity investment. A financial liability or a part of it is derecognised when, and only when, the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires. On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit or loss.
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