70 EXCEL FORCE MSC BERHAD Notes to the Financial Statements (Cont’d) 3. Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (g) Financial assets (Cont’d) (b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) (i) Debt instruments A debt security is measured at FVTOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL: • It is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and • Its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. (ii) Equity instruments On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Group and the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income on an investment-by-investment basis. Financial assets categorised as FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealised gains and losses recognised directly in other comprehensive income and accumulated under fair value reserve in equity. For debt instruments, when the investment is derecognised or determined to be impaired, the cumulative gain or loss previously recorded in equity is reclassified to the profit or loss. For equity instruments, the gains or losses are never reclassified to profit or loss. (c) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) All financial assets not classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI, as described above, are measured at FVTPL. This includes derivative financial assets (except for a derivative that is a financial guarantee contract or a designated and effective hedging instrument). On initial recognition, the Group and the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at FVTOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise. Financial assets categorised as FVTPL are subsequently measured at their fair value with gains or losses recognised in the profit or loss. All financial assets, except for those measured at FVTPL and equity investments measured at FVTOCI, are subject to impairment. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation or convention in the marketplace concerned. All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised or derecognised on the trade date i.e., the date that the Group and the Company commit to purchase or sell the asset. A financial asset is derecognised where the contractual right to receive cash flows from the asset has expired. On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received for financial instrument is recognised in profit or loss. (h) Financial liabilities Financial liabilities are recognised when, and only when, the Group and the Company become a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instruments. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial liabilities not at fair value through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised, and through the amortisation process.
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