2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD.) 2.4 Summary of significant accounting policies (contd.) (t) Employee benefits (contd.) (iv) Defined benefit plan (contd.) The cost of providing benefits under this plan is determined using the projected unit credit method, which attributes entitlement to benefits to the current period (to determine the current service cost) and to the current and prior periods (to determine the present value of the defined benefit obligation) and is based on actuarial advice. The current service cost is charged to profit or loss. Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the vesting period or immediately if benefits have vested. A charge representing the unwinding of the discount on the plan liabilities during the year is included in profit or loss as administrative expenses. A credit representing the expected return of the plan assets during the year is also included within administrative expenses. This credit is based on the market value of the plan assets and expected rates of return at the beginning of the year. (v) Termination benefit The termination benefits are payable solely at the discretion by the Board of Directors and management. These benefits are payable when employment is terminated before the normal retirement date or where an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits when they are offered. The Group recognises termination benefits when it is demonstrably committed to either terminate the employment of current employees according to a detailed plan without possibility of withdrawal. (u) Foreign currencies The Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”), which is also the parent company’s functional currency. For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. The Group uses the direct method of consolidation and on disposal of a foreign operation, the gain or loss that is reclassified to profit or loss reflects the amount that arises from using this method. (i) Transactions and balances Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group’s entities at their respective functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss. Tax charges and credits attributable to exchange differences on those monetary items are also recognised in OCI. In the consolidated financial statements, currency translation differences arising from intercompany borrowing in foreign currencies and other currency instruments designated and qualifying as net investment in foreign operations are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the currency translation reserve. The repayment of borrowings which forming part of the Group’s net investment in foreign operation by a subsidiary is considers as a partial disposal and it related foreign currency exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or profit or loss are also recognised in OCI or profit or loss, respectively). 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD.) 2.4 Summary of significant accounting policies (contd.) (u) Foreign currencies (contd.) (i) Transactions and balances (contd.) In determining the spot exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) on the derecognition of a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability relating to advance consideration, the date of the transaction is the date on which the Group initially recognises the non-monetary asset or nonmonetary liability arising from the advance consideration. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the Group determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration. (ii) Group companies On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into MYR at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of profit or loss are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation are recognised in OCI. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of OCI relating to that particular foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss. Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the spot rate of exchange at the reporting date. (v) Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations The Group classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Costs to sell are the incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset (disposal group), excluding finance costs and income tax expense. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable, and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the decision to sell will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the plan to sell the asset and the sale expected to be completed within one year from the date of the classification. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortised once classified as held for sale. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items in the statement of financial position. Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit or loss. (w) Cash dividend The Company recognises a liability to pay a dividend when the distribution is authorised. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity. p.294 p.295 UEM EDGENTA BERHAD INTEGRATED ANNUAL REPORT 2022 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2022 Notes to the financial statements For the year ended 31 December 2022
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