12. INVENTORIES Group 2025 2024 RM’000 RM’000 At cost/net realisable value Raw materials 8,583 7,527 Finished goods 55,285 52,466 63,868 59,993 Recognised in profit or loss: Inventories recognised as cost of sales 36,068 33,868 Net write down of inventories recognised in cost of sales 4,580 9,950 Cost of inventories is determined using the first-in first-out method and are stated at lower of cost and net realisable value. In the case of finished goods, cost includes an appropriate share of publication costs based on normal operating capacity. The Group writes down its obsolete or slow-moving inventories based on assessment of their product lifecycle and nature. Inventories are written down when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts could not be recovered. Management exercises significant judgements in estimating the net realisable value of inventories. In estimating the net realisable value of inventories, management specifically analyses sales trend when making this judgement to evaluate the adequacy of the write down for obsolete or slow-moving inventories. Where expectations differ from the original estimates, the differences would impact the carrying amounts of inventories. 13. RIGHT TO RECOVER RETURNED GOODS/(REFUND LIABILITIES) Group 2025 2024 RM’000 RM’000 Right to recover returned goods 1,429 2,542 Refund liabilities (2,659) (5,142) An asset with a right to recover returned goods and the corresponding refund liabilities are recognised in relation to finished goods sold with a right of return. These are measured by reference to the former carrying amounts of the sold inventories less any expected costs to recover those inventories and any potential decreases in the value to the Group of the returned inventories. 14. CONTRACT WITH CUSTOMERS (a) Contract costs Group 2025 2024 RM’000 RM’000 Cost to obtain a contract 47 65 Cost to obtain a contract primarily comprises commission fees paid to intermediaries as a result of obtaining contracts and they are recoverable. Capitalised commission fees are amortised when the related revenues are recognised. During the current financial year, the amount of amortisation was RM314,000 (2024: RM485,000). SASBADI HOLDINGS BERHAD Financial Statements (conঞ nued) 122
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