Caring for the Planet Integrated Annual Report 2024 SECTION 5 • DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE VALUE FOR OUR STAKEHOLDERS 145 HOW WE PERFORMED IN 2024 Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions were calculated in accordance with the IAI’s Aluminium Sector GHG Protocol. Methodologies adhered to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (“IPCC”) Guidelines for National GHG Inventories, with all emissions converted to CO2e using factors prescribed by the GHG Protocol and the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (“AR6”). For Scope 3 GHG emissions, twelve (12) out of fifteen (15) categories were reported and disclosed in accordance with the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard and the Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions. A comprehensive methodology was applied, incorporating average-data, spend-based, distance-based, and supplier-specific approaches to enhance reporting accuracy and robustness. The ‘operational control’ approach was adopted for GHG calculations, accounting for emissions from all operations under operational control while excluding those from leased assets. This includes GHG emissions from on-site manufacturing across midstream entities (PMBtu, PMS, PMAR) and downstream entities (PMI, PMIT, PMBA). For GHG emissions, intensity calculations, GHG emissions encompass Scope 1, Scope 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG emissions (Categories 1, 3, and 4), in alignment with our defined target methodology. Key Performance Indicator 2022 2023 2024 GHG Emissions Data (kilotonnes CO2e)* Total direct and indirect GHG emissions (Scope 1, 2, and 3) location-based 14,311.7 13,541.1 12,556.6 Total direct and indirect GHG emissions (Scope 1, 2, and 3) market-based* 14,247.1 12,619.4 11,959.8 Total direct GHG emissions (Scope 1)* 2,220.5 2,171.4 1,793.6 Total indirect GHG emissions (Scope 2) location-based 3,022.2 3,030.9 2,885.4 Total indirect GHG emissions (Scope 2) market-based* 2,957.6 2,109.2 2,288.6 Other indirect GHG emissions (Scope 3)* 9,069.0 8,338.8 7,877.6 Notes: 1. FYE2022 and FYE2023: Aggregated data from our midstream (PMBtu, PMS, and PMAR) and downstream (PMI, PMIT, and PMBA Klang) facilities. 2. FYE2024: Aggregated data from our midstream (PMBtu, PMS, and PMAR) and downstream (PMI, PMIT, PMBA Klang, PMBA Nilai 1, and PMBA Nilai 2) facilities. 3. Scope 1 includes direct GHG emissions from facilities owned or controlled, and includes fuel use for mobile and stationary combustion, anode and reductant use, and process GHG emissions, while fugitive emissions are not accounted for, as their materiality has been assessed as insignificant in our operations. Scope 2 includes indirect GHG emissions from purchased electricity from the grid. 4. PMBtu, PMS, PMAR, and PMBA Electricity Emission Factors: Based on the Grid Emission Factor (“GEF”) for the years 2017 - 2022 published by Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia in 2024. 5. PMI and PMIT GHG Emissions Factors: Based on the national factor of China in FYE2022. 6. Scope 3 includes all other indirect GHG emissions within the value chain which is not owned or controlled by the reporting entity. Scope 3 GHG emissions data above covered twelve (12) out of fifteen (15) categories. * The figures for FYE2022 and FYE2023 have been restated to reflect the following updates: Scope 1: Enhanced GHG calculation methodology incorporating the updated Global Warming Potential (“GWP”) values from the GHG Protocol, based on IPCC AR6 (applicable to FYE2023). Scope 2 (Market-Based): Revised electricity emission factors, specifically the updated GEF for 2017-2022, as provided by Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia. Scope 3: Inclusion of GHG emissions from downstream entities (PMI, PMIT and PMBA Klang) and adoption of an improved calculation methodology for greater accuracy and comprehensiveness.
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