146 MKH BERHAD | ANNUAL REPORT 2023 2. BASIS OF PREPARATION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONT’D) (b) Functional and presentation currency The individual financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The financial statements of the Group and of the Company are presented in Ringgit Malaysia (“RM”), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All financial information presented in RM has been rounded to the nearest RM, unless otherwise stated. (c) Significant accounting estimates and judgements Significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgements used in applying accounting principles that have significant effect on the amount recognized in the financial statements are described in the following paragraphs: (i) Revenue and cost of sales recognition (Notes 4 and 5) - revenue is recognized as and when the control of the asset is transferred to customers and it is probable that the Group will collect the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the asset that will be transferred to the customer. The Group recognizes revenue from property development over the period of the contract by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. Significant judgement is required in determining the progress towards complete satisfaction of that performance obligation, based on the Group’s efforts or inputs to the satisfaction of the performance obligation (i.e. by reference to the property development costs incurred to date as a percentage of the estimated total costs of development of the contract). The total estimated costs are based on approved budgets, which require assessments and judgements to be made on changes in, for example, work scope, changes in costs and costs to completion. In making these judgements, management relies on past experience and the work of specialists. As at 30 September 2023, the Group recognized revenue of RM554,382,316 (2022: RM483,635,581) and cost of RM436,453,114 (2022: RM374,305,156) respectively arising from the property development activities over time using the cost-based input method. (ii) Tax expense (Note 8) - significant judgement is required in determining the capital allowances and deductibility of certain expenses when estimating the tax expense. There were transactions during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination of whether additional taxes will be due is uncertain. The Group recognizes liabilities for tax based on estimates of assessment of the tax liability due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the current tax and deferred tax in the periods in which the outcome is known. (iii) Valuation of land and buildings (Note 10) - the valuation of land and buildings performed by management is based on independent professional valuations with reference to: - Direct comparison method, being comparison of current prices in an active market for similar properties in the same location and condition and when necessary, adjusting for location, accessibility, visibility, time, terrain, size, present market trends and other differences; and NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2023
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