NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 DECEMBER 2023 173 OUR SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH HOW WE ARE GOVERNED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SHAREHOLDERS’ INFORMATION ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONT’D.) 3.4 Material accounting policy information (cont’d.) (l) Impairment of non-financial assets The Group and the Bank assess at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment assessment for an asset is required, the Group and the Bank make an estimate of the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's ("CGU") fair value less costs to sell and its value-in-use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of a CGU or groups of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to those units or groups of units and then, to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit or groups of units on a pro-rata basis. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss except for assets that are previously revalued where the revaluation was taken to OCI. In this case the impairment is also recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation. An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine that asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. If that is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount. That increase cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised previously. Such reversal is recognised in profit or loss unless the asset is measured at revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase. Impairment loss on goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period. (m) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents as stated in the statements of cash flows comprise cash and short-term funds and deposits and placements with financial institutions that are readily convertible into cash with insignificant risk of changes in value. (n) Provisions Provisions are recognised when the Group and the Bank have a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount can be made. Provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the provisions are discounted using a current pre- tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost.
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