NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONT’D) FRONTKEN CORPORATION BERHAD 200401012517 (651020-T) ANNUAL REPORT 2025 101 9. INCOME TAX EXPENSE The Group The Company 2025 2024 2025 2024 RM RM RM RM Estimated current tax payable: Malaysian: - Current year 5,358,172 5,362,714 80,000 46,000 - (Over)/Underprovision in prior years (49,654) (83,634) 170 (6,425) 5,308,518 5,279,080 80,170 39,575 Foreign: - Current year 44,172,481 35,915,258 - - - Underprovision in prior years 3,512,252 2,477,762 - - 47,684,733 38,393,020 - - Withholding tax 3,868,395 3,360,635 3,868,395 3,360,635 56,861,646 47,032,735 3,948,565 3,400,210 Deferred tax (Note 16): - Current year (1,633,587) 315,536 - - 55,228,059 47,348,271 3,948,565 3,400,210 A reconciliation of income tax expense applicable to the profit before taxation at the statutory income tax rate to income tax expense at the effective income tax rate of the Group and of the Company are as follows: The Group The Company 2025 2024 2025 2024 RM RM RM RM Profit before tax 223,736,502 198,429,739 36,623,086 42,085,741 Tax at the applicable tax rate of 24% 53,696,760 47,623,137 8,789,541 10,100,578 Effect of different tax rates of other tax jurisdictions (9,236,632) (8,407,600) - - Tax effects of: Non-deductible expenses 3,713,859 3,001,526 3,042,225 2,452,923 Income not subject to tax (588,720) (299,346) (11,751,766) (12,507,501) Utilisation of deferred tax assets previously not recognised (6,373) (304,796) - - Income tax exemption (57,086) (418,598) - - Taxable income subjected at regular income tax rate 375,258 399,185 - - Under/(Over)provision of current tax in prior years 3,462,598 2,394,128 170 (6,425) Withholding tax 3,868,395 3,360,635 3,868,395 3,360,635 55,228,059 47,348,271 3,948,565 3,400,210 Domestic income tax is calculated at the Malaysian statutory tax rate of 24% (2024: 24%) of the estimated assessable profit for the financial year. The taxation of other jurisdictions is calculated at the rates prevailing in the respective jurisdiction.
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