2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD.) 2.4 SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTD.) (j) Leases (contd.) As a lessee (contd.) ii. Lease liabilities At the commencement date of the lease, the Group and the Company recognise lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Group and the Company and the payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group and the Company exercising the option to terminate. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group and the Company use its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. iii. Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e. those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of lowvalue assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As a lessor Leases in which the Group does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in revenue in the statement of profit or loss due to its operating nature. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned. (k) Investment properties Investment properties comprise properties which are held either to earn rental income or capital appreciation or both. Such properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at fair value, which reflects market conditions at the reporting date. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair values of investment properties are included in profit or loss in the period in which they arise, including the corresponding tax effect. Fair values are determined based on an annual valuation performed by an accredited external independent valuer having appropriate recognised professional qualification and relevant experience. (l) Borrowing costs Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2024 293 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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