64 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ENRA GROUP BERHAD ANNUAL REPORT 2023 c. Tracking CO2 emission i. CO2 emission from Ratu ENRA’s fuel combustion Ocean-going vessels consumes fuel that has high carbon contents, some up to 85%. The third International Marine Organisation study on greenhouse gases in 2012 found that ships using Heavy Fuel Oil, like Ratu ENRA, will have a CO2 emissions factor of 3,206 kg CO2 / tonne of fuel. In other words, for every metric tonne of fuel oil consumed by our Ratu ENRA, it will emit 3.2 metric tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere. The CO2 emission data is as per ILLUSTRATION 21 below. If we discount FY 2019/20 from the above Illustration, we can see that the emission increased by 9% in FY 2021/22 and dropped by 7% in FY 2022/23. 209 921 626 417 2020 2021 2022 2023 KG FINANCIAL YEAR SOLID WASTE-RATU ENRA 3.20 6.99 7.63 7.11 0% 9% -7% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% - 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 YTD2023 increase/decrease % '000,000 M3 Financial Year Ratu ENRA - CO2 Emission from MGO consumption CO2 emission from MGO consumption +/- % ILLUSTRATION 20 ILLUSTRATION 21 Sustainability Report (Cont’d)
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