4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 4.3 Business combination (continued) Any excess of the sum of the fair value of the consideration transferred in the business combination, the amount of non-controlling interest in the acquiree (if any), and the fair value of the previously held equity interest of the Group in the acquiree (if any), over the net fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill in the statement of financial position. The accounting policy for goodwill is set out in Note 4.8(a) to the financial statements. In instances where the latter amount exceeds the former, the excess is recognised as a gain on bargain purchase in profit or loss on the acquisition date. 4.4 Property, plant and equipment and depreciation All items of property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when the cost is incurred and it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the subsequent costs would flow to the Group and the cost of the asset could be measured reliably. The carrying amount of parts that are replaced is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Cost also comprises the initial estimate of dismantling and removing the asset and restoring the site on which it is located for which the Group is obligated to incur when the asset is acquired, if applicable. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the asset and which has a different useful life, is depreciated separately. After initial recognition, property, plant and equipment except for freehold land and capital work-in-progress are stated at cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is calculated to write down the cost of the assets to their residual values on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The principal depreciation rates are as follows: Buildings 2% - 12.5% Plant and machinery 10% - 20% Furniture, fittings and office equipment 10% - 20% Motor vehicles 10% - 20% Freehold land has unlimited useful life and is not depreciated. Capital work-in-progress representing machinery under installation and renovation-in-progress are stated at cost. Capital work-in-progress is not depreciated until such time when the asset is available for use. At the end of each reporting period, the carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is assessed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. A write down is made if the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount (see Note 4.9 to the financial statements on impairment of non-financial assets). The residual values, useful lives and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to ensure that the amount, method and period of depreciation are consistent with previous estimates and the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the items of property, plant and equipment. If expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes are accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS P R G H O L D I N G S B E R H A D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 2 1 92 31 December 2021 (cont’d)
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