4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 4.16 Provisions Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation, legal or constructive, as a result of a past event, and when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits would be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount of a provision would be discounted to its present value at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits would be required to settle the obligation, the provision would be reversed. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. If the Group has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract shall be recognised and measured as a provision. 4.17 Contingent liabilities and contingent assets A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Group and of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Group and the Company do not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events whose existence would be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Group and of the Company. The Group and the Company do not recognise a contingent asset but discloses its existence where the inflows of economic benefits are probable, but not virtually certain. In the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group under business combinations, contingent liabilities assumed are measured initially at their fair value at the acquisition date. 4.18 Employee benefits (a) Short term employee benefits Wages, salaries, social security contributions, paid annual leave, paid sick leave, bonuses and nonmonetary benefits are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed when employees rendered their services to the Group. Short term accumulating compensated absences such as paid annual leave are recognised as an expense when employees render services that increase their entitlement to future compensated absences. Short term non-accumulating compensated absences such as sick leave are recognised when the absences occur and they lapse if the current period’s entitlement is not used in full and do not entitle employees to a cash payment for unused entitlement on leaving the Group. Bonuses are recognised as an expense when there is a present, legal or constructive obligation to make such payments, as a result of past events and when a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS P R G H O L D I N G S B E R H A D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 2 1 106 31 December 2021 (cont’d)
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