EXCEL FORCE MSC BERHAD Annual Report 2019

EXCEL FORCE MSC BERHAD - ANNUAL REPORT 2019 63 notes to the financial statements 31 december 2019 (cont’d) 2. Basis of Preparation (Cont’d) (c) Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions (Cont’d) Key sources of estimation uncertainty (Cont’d) Deferred tax assets Deferred tax assets are recognised for all unused tax losses, unabsorbed capital allowances and other deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses, unabsorbed capital allowances and other deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. The carrying value of recognised and unrecognised deferred tax assets are disclosed in Note 19. Determination of transactions prices The Group is required to determine the transaction price in respect of each of its contracts with customers. In making such judgement, the Group assesses the impact of any variable consideration in the contract, due to discounts or penalties, the existence of any significant financing component and any non-cash consideration in the contract. There is no estimation required in determining the transaction price, as revenue from sale of goods and rendering of services are based on invoiced values. Discounts are not considered as they are only given in rare circumstances. Provision for expected credit losses of financial assets at amortised cost The Group reviews the recoverability of its receivables, include trade and other receivables, amounts due from subsidiary companies at each reporting date to assess whether an impairment loss should be recognised. The impairment provisions for receivables are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The Group uses judgement in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the Group’s past history, existing market conditions at the end of each reporting period. The carrying amounts at the reporting date for receivables are disclosed in Notes 11, 13 and 14 respectively. The Group uses a provision matrix to calculate expected credit loss for trade and other receivables. The provision rates are based on number of days past due. The provision matrix is initially based on the Group’s historical observed default rates. The Group will calibrate the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated. The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and expected credit loss is a significant estimate. Information about the expected credit loss is disclosed in Note 13. Discount rate used in leases Where the interest rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined, the Group uses the incremental borrowing rate to measure the lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate is the interest rate that the Group would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. Therefore, the incremental borrowing rate requires estimation, particularly when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease. The Group estimates the incremental borrowing rate using observable inputs when available and is required to make certain entity-specific estimates.